Ⅰ. 연    혁

HISTORY

∙연  혁

HISTORY∙

Ⅰ

연

혁

1. 연 혁

연      혁

설화에 의하면 한라산 북쪽 기슭 모흥혈에서 삼신인이 나와 개척 원주민의 시조가 되고 탐라를 개벽하였다고 전해지고 있다. 그리고 고을나의 15대손 고후등 삼형제가 신라에 입조, 탐라의 국호를 받고 성주, 왕자, 도내의 벼슬을 받아 왔다고 전해지고 있으나 이때가 신라성시로만 되어있을 뿐 그 연대가 확실하지 않다.

그러므로, 삼성의 출현과 고후 삼형제의 신라 입조연대에 대하여는 아직 정설이 없으나 삼성의 개국연대가 한반도의 삼국시대에 해당한다는 것은 확실하다.

(여백)

고려 태조 고려왕조를 건국한 후 탐라에 대하여 신라때의 봉작을 그대로 주어 신속하기를 바랐으나 탐라는 이를 거부하였으므로 려정에서는 군사를 파견 탐라를 공격하자 탐라왕 고자견이 굴복하여 태자 말노를 입조(938년)시켰다. 숙종 10년(1105년)에 려정은 그때까지 사용하던 탁라(모라)라는 국호를 폐지하여 탐라군으로 삼고 관리를 파견하여 직접 통치하기에 이르렀다.

의종때(1153년)에는 탐라군을 현으로 고쳤으며 최척경을 탐라령으로 삼고 14개 현촌을 두었다. 희종때(1211년)는 탐라를 제주로 개칭하고 부사와 판관을 두었다.

원종12년(1271년) 김통정 장군이 진도에서 삼별초를 이끌고 들어와 귀일촌에 항파두성(항파두성)을 쌓고 이곳을 거점으로 려몽군과 항쟁을 벌였으나 2년후 1만여의 려몽 연합군에 의하여 전원 옥쇄하였다.

원종 14년(1273년)에 원은 제주도에 다루하치(달로화적) 총관부를 설치하고 근1세기에 걸쳐 직접 간접으로 지배하였다.

(여백)

이태조가 조선왕조를 세운 후 이때까지 자주성을 유지해오던 제주도의 모든 제도와 행정권은 완전히 중앙집권화 정책에 따라 그 행정력 속에 흡수되었다. 태종2년(1402년)에는 오랫동안 전습되어온 성주와 왕자의 칭호도 폐지되고 성주 고봉례와 왕자 문충세는 좌도지관과 우도지관으로 임명되어 상징적인 도주관 제도로 바뀌었으며 동16년(1416년)에는 한라산 분수령을 경계로 산북을 제주로 하여 목사를 두고, 산남을 양분하여 동쪽을 정의현,  서쪽은 대정현으로 나누어 현감을 두어 다스리게 하였다.

고종 1년(1864년) 8월에 정의, 대정 양현을 군으로 승격시켜 제주목에서 분리 전라도 관찰사 관할하에 두었으나 목․군간의 체통이 점차 문란해지고 과폐가 생겨 동17년(1880년 1월)에는 다시 현으로 환원되었다.

고종 32년(1895년)에는 제주목을 부로 개편, 관찰사와 참사관을 두고 경무청을 신설하는 한편, 정의, 대정에는 다시 군수를 두었으나 그 이듬해에 군수제가 폐지되어 다시 종래 기구로 환원되었다. 그리고 광무10년(1906년)에는 목사를 폐지하여 군수를 두었으며 륭희3년(1910년)에는 정의, 대정 양군을 제주군으로 합군시키는 동시에 추자면을 전라남도 완도군으로 분리시켜 편입시켰다.

(여백)

일제에 합병된 후 1915년 5월 제주는 군제가 폐지되어 도제로 개편되었고, 1931년 3월에는 제주면이 읍으로 승격되었으며 이때 제주도의 행정구역은 1읍 12면이었다. 1946년 8월 1일 전라남도 관할하의 도제로부터 독립, 도제가 실시되어 행정구역은 북제주군, 남제주군 2개군으로 분할되고 1읍 12면을 두었다.

1948년 9월 방화로 도청청사가 소실되어 1952년 12월 제주시 이도 2동에 신청사가 준공되었으며 1955년 9월 1일 제주읍이 시로 승격되어 행정구역은 40개동으로 편성되었다가 1962년 1월 1일에는 14개동으로 개편되었다.

1956년 7월 8일에는 서귀, 대정, 한림면이 읍으로 승격되는 동시에 한림읍 서부를 분할하여 한경면을 신설함으로서 도의 행정구역은 1시 2군 3읍 10면 14개동으로 개편되었다. 1979년 5월 23일 제주시에 3개동을 분할 신설하여 17개동으로 확장 개편되었고 1980년 3월에는 도청 청사를 제주시 연동에 신축 이설하였으며 1980년 12월 1일에는 애월, 구좌, 남원, 성산 4개면을 읍으로 승격하여 도의 행정구역은 1시 2군 7읍 6면 17개동으로 개편되었다.

1981년 7월 1일 서귀읍과 중문면을 결합 서귀포시가 신설 승격되어 12개동으로 개편 도의 행정구역은 2시 2군 6읍 5면 29개동으로 개편되었다. 1983년 10월 1일 제주시 삼도동을 삼도 1동, 삼도 2동으로 분할하여 1개동이 신설 18개동으로 확장 개편되어 도의 행정구역은 2시 2군 6읍 5면 30개동으로 개편되었다.

1985년 10월 1일 제주시 용담동이 용담 1동, 용담 2동으로 분할되었고 북제주군 조천면이 조천읍으로 승격되었으며, 1986년 4월 1일 북제주군 구좌읍 연평리가 우도면으로 승격되어 도의 행정구역은 2시 2군 7읍 5면 31개동으로 개편되었다.

2006년 7월 1일 제주특별자치도로 출범하면서 2행정시 7읍 5면 31개동으로 행정구역이 개편되었다.

HISTORY

According to legend. three demi-gods emerged from Moheung-hyeol Which is said to have been on the northern slopes of Mt. Halla and became the progenitors of the Jeju people who founded the Kingdom of Tamla.

It has also been claimed that three brothers including Go-hu who were the 15th descendants of Go Ulla. one of the Progenitors of the Jeju people, were received by the court of Silla at which time the name Tamla was officially cognized while the official government posts of Seong-ju, Wang-ja, and To-nae were conferred by the count upon the three. While this was the golden period of Silla, the exact data is as yet unknown.

Although there is no concrete evidence of when the "Three Names" (Samseong-Go, Yang and Bu) appeared nor for an exact data of when Go-hu and his brothers were received by Silla. we may suppose that the founding Period by the "Three Names" occured during the Three Kingdoms(Goguryeo, Baekje and Silla) period on the peninsula.

(여백)

Taejo, the foundoms(Goguryeo, Baekje, and Silla) period on the same relationship to Goryeo as Tamla had been in its relation to Silla but with Tamla's refusal to accept this position the Goryeo court ordered a dispatch of army troops whereupon the chief of Tamla. Go Jahyeon submitted to Goryeo and ordered his son. Prince Mal-ro to Goryeo's court in 938. In 1105(King Sukjong's 10th year), the Goryeo court abolished the name Takla which had to this time been used and from that year on, the island was known as "Tamla-gun"(district) and Goryeo officials were sent to handle the affairs of the island.

Tamla-gun was changed to Tamla-hyeon in 1153 during the reign of King Uijong and Choe Cheok-kyeong was posted as Tamla ryeong or Chief of Tamla.

In 1211 during Huijong's reign. Tamla was renamed Jeju and the posts of Busa and Pan-gwan were established on the island.

In the 12th year of the reign of Wonjong, 1271, General Kim Tongjeong escaped with what remained of his Sambyeolcho force from Jhindo and built the Hangpadu fortress at Gwiil-chon from where they continued their fight against the combined Goryeo/Mongol army but within 2 years, faced by an enemy army of over 10,000 troops, the Sambyeolcho was annihilated.

The Yuan(Mongol) dynasty, in 1273 during the reign of Koryeo's King Wonjong, established a daruhachi or military governor on the island and this was to last almost one hundred years with the island almost completely under the control of these governors.

(여백)

After Yi Taejo established the Joseon (Yi) dynasty, all of the administrative rights and system which Jeju island, maintaining some independence until this time, had were absorbed into the centralized form of government established by Joseon.

In 1402, the 2nd year of the reign of King Taejong, the titles of Seongiu and Wangja which had so long been used on Jeju were abolished and to Seongju Ko bong-ye was given the symbolic title of jwa doji-gwan and to Wangja Mun Chung-sae, the title of u doji-gwan and in 1416, still in the reign of King Taejong, the island was divided into three major.

Administrative districts : the area lying generally north of Mt. Halla was headed by a 'moksa' or county magistrate while east in the area of Jeongui-hyeon(today's Seongui Folk village) and the south western area of Daejeong-hyeon (today's Moseulpo, Daejong-eup and Mt. Sanbang) were headed by a Hyeongam(also county magistrate).

In August 1864, both Jeongui and Daejeong hyeons were moved from the control of the 'moksa' north of mountain in today's Jeju city area and were renamed 'Gun' (county) and came under the direct control of the Gwanchalsa(governor) of Jeolla province but because of strife between these 'Guns' and the Jeju 'moksa', the system was abolished in January. 1880 and the two 'gun' reverted again to 'hyeon'.

In 1895 (King Kojong's 32nd year), Jeju-mok was redesignated as Jeju bu with a governor (gwanchalsa) and vice-governor (chamsagwan) and a police agency was newly established while in both Jeongui and Daejeong the offices of 'Gunsu', (county chief) were again established but the very next year, the office of 'Gunsu' was abolished and the old system was returned.

Then, in 1906 abolishing the moksa system altogether, the kunsu or county chief system was adopted and in 1910, Jeongui and Daejeong were included in Jeju Gun while Chuja-myeon was placed under the jurisdiction of Wando-gun, part of South Jeolla province.

(여백)

Japan 'annexed' Korea in 1910 and 1915 the kun or county system which had been adopted in 1906 was abolished and Jeju island was designated as part of the 'island' system and called Jeju-myeon under South Jeolla province. In 1931, Jeju-myeon was raised to the status of Jeju-eup or 'township' which gave the island one township(today's Jeju-si area) and 12 'myeon'. On August 1, 1946, Jeju island was removed from the 'island' system under south Jeolla province and designated as an independent province with 2 counties, North county and South county, one 'township' , today's present Jeju-si area and 12 'myeon'.

The provincial administrative building was burned to the ground in September, 1948(during the 4.3 Rebellion) and the new building was completed in 1-do, 2-dong in December, 1952 : on September 1, 1955, Jeju township was elevated to city status with 40 administrative wards which on January 1, 1962, were restructured into 14 wards.

On July 8, 1956, Seogwi, Daejeong and Hallim myeons were raised to the status of township while the southwestern portion of Hallim township was separated and newly designated as the Hangyeong district(myeon) which gave the province one city, two counties, three township and 10 myeon or districts with 14 wards in Jeju-si.

May 23, 1979 saw the restructuring of the Jeju-si wards and the addition of three more giving 17 wards.

In March 1980, the construction of a new provincial office was started in Yeon-dong of(new) Jeju-si and on December one of the same year the four myeon of Aewol, Gujwa, Namwon and Seongsan were elevated to the status of townships, six districts and, within Jeju-si 17wards.

In 1981, the development of the Jungmun Tourist Complex brought about uniting Seogwi township and Jungmun-myeon(district) into one as Seogwipo-si consisting of 12 wards(dong) giving the province two cities, two counties, six townships, five districts and 29 wards.

On October 1, 1983, Jeju-si's Samdo ward was divided into two wards to give a total of 30 ward in the province.

Yongdam ward in Jeju-si was restructured into Yongdam ward one and Yongdam ward two on October 1, 1985 and Jocheon myeon(district) was elevated to the status of Township followed on April 1, 1986 with Yeonpyeong-ri Gujwa township being raising to the status of U-do district(myeon) ; the provincial area now administering 2 cities, 2 counties, 7 townships, 5 districts and 31 wards, the status of the province as of 31 December, 2004.

With the launching of Jeju Special self-governing Province on July 1st, 2006, the administrative district was revised to the new system consist of 2 administrative cities, 7 eup, 5 meon and 31 dong.